Frequency refers to the number of cycles or vibrations per second in an audio waveform.
It determines the pitch of a sound.
The audible range of frequencies for humans is typically 20 Hz (low, bass) to 20,000 Hz
(high, treble).

SAMPLE RATE:

Sample rate is the number of audio samples captured per second during recording. It's
measured in Hertz (Hz).
Common sampl e rates include 44.1 kHz (CD quality), 48 kHz (standard for digital video),
and 96 kHz (high-resolution audio).

BIT DEPTH (BIT RESOLUTION):

Bit depth represents the number of bits used to represent the amplitude of each sample.
A higher bit depth allows for more dynamic range and greater precision.
Common bit depths are 16-bit (CD quality) and 24-bit (common for professional audio).

Bit Rate:

Bit rate refers to the number of bits transmitted or processed per unit of time, usually
measured in kilobits per second (kbps) or megabits per second (Mbps).
In the context of audio, bit rate is often associated with compressed formats like MP3.
A higher bit rate typically means better audio quality but larger file sizes.

Nyquist Theorem:

The Nyquist theorem states that to accurately reproduce a signal, the sample rate must
be at least twice the highest frequency present in the signal.
This means a sample rate of at least 40 kHz is required for capturing frequencies up to 20 kHz (the upper
limit of human hearing).

Aliasing:

Aliasing occurs when the sample rate is too low to accurately represent the input signal.
It results in distorted or misleading audio due to insufficient data points to reconstruct
the original waveform.

Dynamic Range:

Dynamic range is the difference between the loudest and softest parts of an audio signal.
It's influenced by bit depth. A higher bit depth allows for a wider dynamic range
and better capturing of subtle details.

Quantization:

Quantization is the process of mapping an analog signal to a digital representation,
based on the bit depth. It introduces quantization error, which can affect the accuracy of
the audio recording.

Lossless vs. Lossy Compression:

Lossless compression (e.g., FLAC) reduces file size without losing any audio data.
Lossy compression (e.g., MP3) sacrifices some audio quality to achieve smaller file sizes.

Dithering:

Dithering is a technique used to mask the effects of quantization noise in low-bit-depth
audio by adding a small amount of noise that is less objectionable to the human ear.

These technical aspects of audio recording and processing play a crucial role in achieving
high-quality and accurate audio recordings Understanding these concepts can help you
make informed decisions about sample rates, bit depths, and compression formats when
working with audio.